Detailed by country: Rummel estimates POW deaths in Japanese custody at 539,000. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951.p.44-45. [147] One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre. In early 1918 Imperial Germany knew it finally had a chance to win against the Allies. [447] According to a report compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (193745) numbered approximately 2,121,000; broken down as follows: In 1949 the report of the Japanese government Economic Stabilization Board put military war dead from December 1941 to December 21, 1946, at 1,555,308 Killed and 309,402 wounded. This would bring the total number of Italian military personnel killed to some 341,000 (excluding colonial troops). French Indochina 2,803 killed and 6,000 wounded. Because of the decline in activity in the two port cities, the constant threat of incendiary raids, and the formal evacuation programs of the Government, an unknown number of the inhabitants had either drifter away from the cities or been removed according to plan. Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363). universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[446] Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). G. The demographic losses due to the reduction of 335,000 births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties. Navy total 414,879 killed and 14,155 wounded and missing. No reliable statistics on Albania's wartime losses exist, but the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration reported about 30,000 Albanian war dead. Krasnoiarskii gos. Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia In Episode 3 we take apart the most gruesome battles seen on the Western Front, North African Campaign and Middle Eastern Operations. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. Some I've been cooking for years, decades even, others I have cooked just . Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606). It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. Presse-und Informationsamt. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. Total: 1,647,200, 473,800, (2,121,000), Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 20142015[60] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died). ): Legenden, Lgen, Vorurteile. The French forces launched a small offensive, the Saar Offensive against Germany in the Saar region but halted their advance and returned. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. In Berlin, the Reichsbanner resistance organization identified possible drop zones for Allied paratroopers and planned to guide them past German defenses into the city.[43]. Even Patton agreed with Churchill that he should order the attack on the city since Montgomery's troops could reach Berlin within three days. In this uncertain situation, estimates of casualties have generally ranged between 100,000 and 180,000 for Hiroshima, and between 50,000 and 100,000 for Nagasaki. Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. 73538. Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. Korea: 19,600, 6,900, (26,500) Page 478. The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. [34] By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. According to U.S. War Department figures, 18,745 American civilians were interned in the war (13,996 in the Far East and 4,749 in Europe). [147] Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. 5354, Naselenie Rossii v XX Veke: V 3-kh Tomakh: Tom2. After years of war, the United Kingdom and France were exhausted. 600,000 POWs of Allies; 50,000 POWs of Russians; 650,000 POWs of Germans, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR (POWs) AND MISSING IN ACTION (MIAs), U. S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR (POWs) AND MISSING IN ACTION (MIAs) (incl. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. [nb 12] The Western Front's 1944-1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with North Africa. pedagog. Unlike other parts of South East Asia, Thailand did not suffer from famine during the war. 7,614,790 were held in POW camps by early June of 1945 (including 3,404,950 who were disarmed following the surrender of Germany), All totals listed only include direct deaths due to military activity and crimes against humanity, including the, German deployments to the Western Front (plus Italy) reached levels as high as approximately 40% of their ground forces, and 75% of the. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. According to the Czechoslovak State Statistical Office the population at 1/1/1939 (within post war 19451992 borders) was 14,612,000. [7][8] The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. With the Luftwaffe unable to defeat the RAF in the Battle of Britain, the invasion of Great Britain could no longer be thought of as an option. Mai 1974. A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. UK total casualties were 68,111 including 11,000 KIA. Allies United StatesUnited Kingdom The Allies had been arguing about whether to advance on a broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Rdiger Overmans- "Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung". Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. On 4 April the encirclement was completed and the Ninth Army reverted to the command of Bradley's 12th Army Group. This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. The West German government did not list euthanasia victims along with the war dead. The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. With an introd. The commission found that the demographic estimates by the German government of 220,000 to 270,000 civilian deaths due to expulsions from Czechoslovakia were based on faulty data. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. Military losses with USSR against Japan in the 1939, During World War II Japan occupied Nauru in August 1942 and deported 1,200. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. (1998) A German demographic study estimated 5,500,000 to 6,900,000 war dead. The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." Merchant Navy (30,248); British Home Guard (1,206) and Civilians (60,595). 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. [384] U.S. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. They estimated German casualties up until April 30, 1945, at 2,230,324 dead, 2,870,404 missing and POW held by Allies. Third Axis Fourth Ally. 1993; China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations. The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". The, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note World War II . They encircled around 200,000 Germans in the Falaise Pocket. Bonn 1989 P.41 (100,000 during wartime flight; 200,000 in USSR as forced labor and 100,000 in internment camps), Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7million other victims of the Nazis. Military operations between the occupying German military forces and their "Quislings and collaborators" against the Yugoslav resistance. [nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade. The Greek government is planning to claim reparations from Germany for war damages. Some 40 Irish citizens were killed by accidental, The Italian government issued an accounting of the war dead in 1957, they broke out the losses before and after the, Military losses in Italy after the September 1943. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. Moscow 1971, p. 294, Poyer, Lin; Falgout, Suzanne; Carucci, Laurence Marshall. [147] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. It's all about the recipe. In addition 2,000 Danish volunteers were killed serving in the German military. Eng. The Western Allies (primarily the French, Belgian and British land forces) soon collapsed under the onslaught of the so-called "blitzkrieg" strategy. XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Czechoslovak casualties: The Danish Ministry of Education has detailed Denmark's losses in the war of about 8,000 persons including 2,685 killed in Denmark in bombing raids, resistance fighters and those executed by the Germans and 3,000 who died outside Denmark including (2,000 merchant seamen, 63 serving with Allied forces, 600 in German camps, 400 workers in Germany). (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), Ishikida, Miki (2005). Sankt-Peterburg 1995, Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World WarII. Germans played for time in Reims. Arms and Armour 1995; Andreev, EM, et al., Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 19221991. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. Presse- und Informationsamt. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. The 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Gtz von Berlichingen was located just south of the Loire in the vicinity of Tours. 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded. Germany reports. [473], 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. Dtv, Neuauflage 1992. The official UK report on war casualties of June 1946 provided a summary of the UK war losses, excluding colonies. Deaths in battle were 292,131. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. Data from this document is listed in, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture? Page 202, "The Soviet-German War 19411945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay", US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report, "The final stages of the naval war in north-west Europe", "12th Army Group Situation Map for 18 April 1945", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Front_(World_War_II)&oldid=1128633092, Occupation of most of Western and Northern Europe by Axis troops, Fall of Nazi Germany (concurrently with the, Liberation of occupied countries in Western and Northern Europe, One was an opportunity taken by US forces when the Germans failed to blow up the, In the Allied 6th Army Group area, the US Seventh Army assaulted across the Rhine in the area between, Gootzen, Har and Connor, Kevin (2006). Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. The Hahn's believe the official German figure of 2million deaths is an historical myth, lacking foundation. Under Japanese internment, 992 died and another 544 were listed as "unknown"; under German internment, 168 died and a further 715 were listed as "unknown". Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. Demographic Research, Vol. Russian sources report that the Soviets reported the POW deaths of 62,105 (61,855 Japanese and 214 collaborator forces) out of the 640,105 captured (609,448 Japanese and 30,657 collaborator forces). : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti. - (Russian Academy of Sciences). Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. The names of individual U.S. military personnel killed in World War II can be found at the U.S. National Archives. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. 55, No. Among the Allied powers, the U.S.S.R. suffered the greatest total number of dead: perhaps 18,000,000. Army GroupB had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy. These figures include military dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans. [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. Germany reports. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. They reported, "The total number who were killed by the Japanese, or who died from, hunger, disease and lack of medical attention is estimated at 3,000,000 for Java alone, 1,000,000 for the Outer Islands. Of the country's total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. In May 1940, the Germans launched the Battle of France. The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. POW deaths 4,000. Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Czechoslovak war dead of 340,000 persons, 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN), Warsaw 2009; Poland. However, much was learned as a result of the operation these lessons would be put to good use in the subsequent invasion. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead.
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